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Supply
Simple: The number of shares available for sale.
Beginner: Supply represents how many shares people are willing to sell at different price levels. When supply increases, prices tend to fall.
Advanced: In market microstructure, supply refers to the limit order book's ask side, where increasing quantities at given prices create resistance levels.
Demand
Simple: The number of shares people want to buy.
Beginner: Demand represents how many shares investors want to purchase at different prices. When demand increases, prices tend to rise.
Advanced: Demand manifests as bid orders in the limit order book, with increasing quantities at given prices creating support levels.
Liquidity
Simple: How easily a stock can be bought or sold.
Beginner: Liquidity measures how quickly you can trade a stock without significantly moving its price. High liquidity means easier trading.
Advanced: Liquidity encompasses both market depth and tight bid-ask spreads, reducing transaction costs and price impact for large orders.
Catalyst
Simple: An event that makes a stock price move.
Beginner: A catalyst is news or an event that changes how investors feel about a stock, causing them to buy or sell more aggressively.
Advanced: Catalysts are material information events that alter a security's risk-return profile, triggering revaluation by market participants.
Volatility
Simple: How much a stock price jumps around.
Beginner: Volatility measures how much and how quickly a stock's price changes. High volatility means bigger price swings in both directions.
Advanced: Volatility is the statistical measure of dispersion of returns, often calculated as standard deviation, influencing option pricing and risk models.
Volume
Simple: The number of shares traded.
Beginner: Volume shows how many shares changed hands during a period. High volume often means stronger conviction behind a price move.
Advanced: Trading volume represents the aggregate number of shares transacted and is used to confirm trend strength and identify accumulation/distribution.
Volume
Simple: How many shares were traded.
Beginner: Volume measures trading activity - higher volume means more shares changing hands, indicating stronger conviction behind price moves.
Advanced: Volume represents the total number of shares or contracts traded in a security during a given period, used to confirm trend strength.
Relative Volume (RVOL)
Simple: Today's volume compared to normal.
Beginner: RVOL shows whether current volume is higher or lower than the stock's average volume, helping identify unusual activity.
Advanced: Relative Volume is calculated as current volume divided by average volume, with values above 1.5-2.0 indicating significant institutional interest.
Volume Spike
Simple: A sudden large increase in trading volume.
Beginner: A volume spike occurs when trading volume is much higher than normal, often signaling important news or institutional activity.
Advanced: Volume spikes represent standard deviations above mean volume and often precede significant price movements due to information dissemination.
Breakout Confirmation
Simple: When a price move through a key level is supported by high volume.
Beginner: Breakout confirmation occurs when price moves through resistance/support WITH high volume, making the move more trustworthy.
Advanced: Technical confirmation requires volume to be at least 150% of average when price breaches significant technical levels, reducing false breakout probability.
Liquidity
Simple: How easily a stock can be bought or sold.
Beginner: Liquidity means there are enough buyers and sellers to execute trades quickly without moving the price significantly.
Advanced: Market liquidity encompasses tight bid-ask spreads and sufficient market depth to absorb large orders without substantial price impact.
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